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keskiviikko 27. tammikuuta 2016
perjantai 2. tammikuuta 2015
perjantai 17. lokakuuta 2014
keskiviikko 10. syyskuuta 2014
tiistai 2. syyskuuta 2014
keskiviikko 20. elokuuta 2014
tiistai 5. elokuuta 2014
tiistai 3. kesäkuuta 2014
maanantai 2. kesäkuuta 2014
torstai 29. toukokuuta 2014
GREATER LONDON - CHIPPING ONGAR - UNITED KINDOM -
Chipping Ongar
| Chipping Ongar | |
 Chipping Ongar, High Street |
|
Chipping Ongar
Chipping Ongar shown within Essex | |
| OS grid reference | TL555035 |
|---|---|
| Civil parish | Ongar |
| District | Epping Forest |
| Shire county | Essex |
| Region | East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | ONGAR |
| Postcode district | CM5 |
| Dialling code | 01277 |
| Police | Essex |
| Fire | Essex |
| Ambulance | East of England |
| EU Parliament | East of England |
| UK Parliament | Brentwood and Ongar |
Contents
Origin of the name
The name "Ongar" means "grass land".[1] "Chipping" is from Old English cēping, "a market, a market-place", akin to Danish "købing" and Swedish "köping"; the same element is found in other towns such as Chipping Norton, Chipping Sodbury and Chipping (now High) Wycombe.[2]History
Ongar was an important market town in the Medieval era, at the centre of a hundred and has the remains of a Norman castle (see below). The Church of England parish church, St Martin's dates from the 11th century and shows signs of Norman work. A small window in the chancel is believed to indicate the existence of an anchorite's cell in medieval times.[3] The Gothic Revival architect C.C. Rolfe added the south aisle in 1884.[4]David Livingstone lived in Chipping Ongar on the High Street in 1838.
The civil parish of Chipping Ongar was abolished in 1965 and a new parish of Ongar was created which also incorporated the former area of the Greensted and Shelley civil parishes.[5] The parish was part of Epping and Ongar Rural District until 1974 when it became part of the Epping Forest District.
By 1990 the area's baby boom generation had grown beyond secondary education and the town's secondary school (opened in 1936 with elegant neo-Georgian buildings fronting Fyfield Road, expanded greatly when it became a comprehensive in the 1960s) was closed despite vigorous local protest. Its buildings were demolished to make way for a new residential development. Secondary school age children from the area are bussed to school in surrounding towns, notably Brentwood and Shenfield. A sports centre and swimming pool, built in the 1970s to serve the comprehensive school, continue to serve the locality. Chipping Ongar Primary School, originally located on the High Street behind Budworth Hall on the site of today's Sainsbury's, was re-located in the mid-1980s to the Greensted Road at the southern edge of the town, while Shelley Primary School remains at the northern end of town. St. Andrew's Parish Church in Greensted is 2 miles (3.2 km) west of Ongar. It is believed to be the oldest wooden church in the world.[6] Several of the small private-sector businesses that operated through to the closing decades of the 20th century have closed down or relocated as the economic focus of the region has been redirected, especially since the opening of the M11 motorway in the 1970s, to larger towns in west Essex, especially Harlow and Brentwood. Local planning policies have focused increasingly on residential development, and Ongar, like very many of the smaller towns in the belt round London, can be viewed primarily as a dormitory town for commuters to London, Brentwood, Harlow and Chelmsford. However, the single track rail line that connected Ongar to Epping (and thereby to London) was closed down in 1994 (see below) and local area road development has not been a priority in recent decades. Ongar also retains a range of retail shops. Jane Taylor, the author of Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, is buried in Ongar.[7] Chipping Ongar features in Will Self's novel, The Book of Dave.
The nursery rhyme "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" is reported to have been written in Chipping Ongar. Knowleton Hall is the most well known home in Ongar due to its interesting history.
Not to be confused with RAF Chipping Ongar, RAF Station Chipping Ongar (also known as Willingale) is a former World War II airfield in Essex, England. The airfield is located approximately 2 miles (3.2 km) northeast of Chipping Ongar; about 20 miles (32 km) northeast of London. Opened in 1943, it was used by both the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Force. During the war it was used primarily as a bomber airfield. After the war it was closed in 1959 after many years of being a reserve airfield.
Geography
Chipping Ongar is located at the convergence of several old roads, being between Chelmsford and Epping on an east-west axis and between Dunmow and Chigwell (beyond which is London) on a north-south axis. To the southeast lies Brentwood, on the old road to the former River Thames ferry crossing at Tilbury, though the building in the 1970s of the M11 and M25 motorways means that Ongar is no longer directly on a principal route for petrol tankers (and other less prominent vehicles) travelling from the current Dartford Crossing and the Thames Estuary oil refineries.The civil parish of Ongar, which has a town council, includes from north-to-south Shelley, Chipping Ongar and Marden Ash, with Greensted to the southwest.
The central part of Ongar High Street comprises a widened main street of the type found in many older English towns whose status as market towns is believed to have originated during the (little chronicled) Saxon period. The widened high street is used to permit some 'no charge' short term parking that benefits the local shops. The high street does however retain a very narrow stretch, with shops and houses either side very close to the road due to pavement that is barely adequate for two people to pass each other.
Much of the surrounding countryside is occupied by large mechanised farms devoted currently, for the most part, to arable agriculture. During the 20th century the proximity of London encouraged dairy farming, but the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s were characterised by the removal of hedges and an increase in average field sizes as cattle numbers diminished. The subsoil is of heavy clay, rendering the land too soggy in winter for sheep, and inviting a greater level of attention to ditching and drain maintenance than has been applied to the district's road network since 1974.
Ongar Castle
The castle may have been built by Eustace II, Count of Boulogne who obtained the manor of Ongar in 1086. It was visited by King Henry II in 1157, when it was held by Richard de Lucy.[9] A stone keep was built on top of the motte, but this was pulled down in the 16th century and replaced by a brick building, itself destroyed in the 18th century. The motte itself is now covered with trees and is in private ownership, but can be seen from a public footpath that starts at the north end of the High Street.
Transport
Motorists
Ongar is a congested town which suffers from high volumes of traffic not only inside peak times but faces considerable weekend congestion much from locals driving into town and using one of three central car parks surrounding retail parks.A graph from The Office for National Statistics gives an idea of how much congestion Ongar accommodates during peak periods. The portion of Car / Van drivers gives an indication of local commuters.
Ongar is less than 25 miles from Central London, 6 miles from M11 J7 Harlow and 8 miles from M25 J28 Brentwood. The A414 runs between Chelmsford through Ongar to Harlow.
Parking restrictions operate throughout the town centre where a 20-minute no return 2-hour scheme applies. Three Pay and Display car parks are available with a total 530 capacity.
Local residents have previously called for lowering of the current national speed limit between The Mulberry House and the Four Wantz roundabout on the A414 Chelmsford bound. However, Essex Police Force's senior traffic management officer, Adam Pipe deemed lowering the speed limit " inappropriate, as drivers would feel 30 mph (48 km/h) is not adequate and would not comply ".[10]
Bus
The main destinations served by buses are Brentwood, Chelmsford, Harlow and Epping. Routes are operated by Arriva Shires & Essex, First Essex, Regal Busways Stephensons of Essex and SM Coaches. Epping Ongar Railway also operate a limited number of heritage bus services between Ongar and North Weald and also Epping on Weekends and Bank Holidays.Railway
Since the closure of the Central Line between Epping and Ongar in 1994, there is no longer a daily commuter train service in the town. The Epping Ongar Railway operates the former Central Line track, from North Weald Station on Saturdays, Sundays and Bank Holidays every hour to Ongar Station. It first operated (Sundays and Holidays only) between 2004 and 2007, and then after refurbishment again with the additional Saturday trains from May 2012.The nearest London Underground service to the town is Epping which is served by the Central Line. The closest National Rail service is from Brentwood, which is served by the Shenfield Metro and is operated by Greater Anglia.
In popular culture
On the Who's album, Live at Leeds, Keith Moon refers to Chipping Ongar in a bit of stage banter as part of the introduction to their so-called "mini-opera," A Quick One, While He's Away. Guitarist Pete Townshend is in the middle of explaining the storyline to the audience, involving a lonely wife and her lover, Ivor the Engine Driver: "So what happens is uh, they uh, fu, they fornicate."Moon interrupts to ask, "What's that, Pete? I thought it was a little station outside Chipping Ongar!" and Townshend tells him, "No no no."
Moon, who was the band's drummer, replies, "That's the trouble always sitting here in the back," to which Townshend deadpans back to the audience, "He always gets off at the wrong stop."[citation needed]
The endgame of Will Self's The Book of Dave takes place in Chipping Ongar.
In Ade Edmondson's book "How To Be A Complete Bastard", in the section on "How to be a Bastard to Japanese Tourists" he says "tell them all of London's tourist attractions are within walking distance of Ongar Tube"
In the BBC series Just Good Friends, Penny's mother and father live in Chipping Ongar.
Twinning
Cerizay (France)
Sources
- Pearson, Lynn F. Discovering Famous Graves. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. p. 33.
- Pevsner, Nikolaus (1965). The Buildings of England: Essex. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books.
- Saint, Andrew (1970). "Three Oxford Architects". Oxonensia (Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society) XXXV: 53 ff. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
sunnuntai 18. toukokuuta 2014
tiistai 13. toukokuuta 2014
maanantai 12. toukokuuta 2014
perjantai 9. toukokuuta 2014
lauantai 3. toukokuuta 2014
lauantai 26. huhtikuuta 2014
GREATER LONDON - Ascot, Berkshire
Ascot, Berkshire
| Ascot | |
Ascot
Ascot shown within Berkshire | |
| Population | 11,603 (2001 Census; with Sunninghill) |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | SU925685 |
| Civil parish | Sunninghill and Ascot |
| Unitary authority | Windsor and Maidenhead |
| Ceremonial county | Berkshire |
| Region | South East |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Ascot |
| Postcode district | SL5 |
| Dialling code | 01344 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Royal Berkshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| EU Parliament | South East England |
| UK Parliament | Windsor |
Contents
Governance
Ascot is in the district administered by the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead, a unitary authority. Ascot, South Ascot and a small part of North Ascot are in the civil parish of Sunninghill and Ascot, although most of North Ascot is in the civil parish of Winkfield, in the district of Bracknell Forest.
Churches
Church of England
The Church of England parish church of All Saints, Ascot Heath is a red brick Gothic Revival building designed by T.H. Rushforth and built in 1864.[2] It has a richly-decorated interior. The east window of its chancel is a Jesse window with stained glass made by C.E. Kempe & Co in 1907.[2] Above it is a rose window by Hardman & Co.[2]The Church of England parish church of All Souls, South Ascot is another red-brick Gothic Revival building. It was designed by J.L. Pearson and built in 1896–97.[2] It has a central tower with a pyramidal roof. Its nave has aisles of four bays.[2] The ceilings of the chancel, baptistery and the crossing under the tower are rib vaulted.[2] All Souls' is a Grade II* listed building.[3]
Ascot Priory was founded in 1861 for the Society of the Most Holy Trinity.[2] It has buildings designed by the architects Charles Buckeridge, William Butterfield, George Gilbert Scott and Leonard Stokes.[2]
Roman Catholic
The Roman Catholic church of St Francis is also a red-brick Gothic Revival building.[2] It was designed by the Roman Catholic priest and architect A.J.C. Scoles, built in 1889 and has an apsidal chancel.[2]Local schools
Independent senior schools in the area include Heathfield School (an all girls boarding school; alumnae include Tamara Mellon, Isabella Blow and Sienna Miller), St. George's School, Ascot|St. George's School]] (a private girls senior school recently attended by Princess Beatrice of York), St Mary's School, Ascot, a Catholic all-girls boarding school (which Caroline, Princess of Hanover attended),located in South Ascot and the Licensed Victuallers' School, which is located down the road from Ascot Racecourse. Papplewick, one of the leading preparatory schools in Britain[citation needed] is also based in Ascot. The local state secondary school in the Ascot area is Charters School in nearby Sunningdale, which received a 'Grade 1 Outstanding' assessment from the Schools watchdog Ofsted in 2009.Amenities
Facilities tend to be geared towards the racecourse, but there is a small range of shops in the wide High Street. Most of the expected facilities one would expect to find in a small town are here, including a supermarket, petrol station and many cafes (including a Starbucks and a Costa, a Subway, Tesco Express and Budgens). Most buildings are post-war with flats above the ground floor retail space. Heatherwood Hospital is at the western edge of the town. Ascot has a station on a bi-section of the railway line from London's Waterloo station to Reading, Bagshot, Aldershot and Guildford, originally built by the London and South Western Railway and now operated by South West Trains. As a consequence of the frequent service on this line, Ascot is now a commuter centre with its residents in both directions (westwards to Reading and eastwards to London).Royal Ascot week
Main article: Ascot Racecourse
Economy
Ascot Racecourse employs over 70 full-time staff, which increases temporarily to 6,000 during Royal Ascot week. The village has a variety of businesses located at the Ascot Business Park, opened in 2008, including the UK headquarters of global toy manufactuter Jakks Pacific, in addition to numerous small and medium enterprises. The Chartered Institute of Building, a professional body for those working in the construction industry and built environment, is also based in Ascot.Sport and leisure
Ascot has a Non-League football club, Ascot United F.C., which plays at Ascot Racecourse.Army Cadet Force
Ascot also has an Army Cadet Force unit, called 4 Platoon Ascot. The unit, being badged as Irish Guards (due to the unit belonging to A Company, Berkshire ACF; a company currently badged to the Household Division), means that the unit regularly sees Irish Guards events such as the St. Patricks Day Parade, and even has the privilege of taking part in an Irish Guards ACF skills competition, run by the battalion. It parades at 19:15 until 21:30 on a Monday and Wednesday night at Licensed Victuallers' School and actively recruits from the local and surrounding area. The unit used to parade at Ascot Racecourse, however they were evicted due to an appeal made out by the Racecourse owners. They now temporarily parade at the Sixth Form centre inside the school. The unit now has a new Detachment Commander – Staff Sergeant (SSI) Richard Pelling.Notable residents
- Boris Berezovsky, an exiled Russian tycoon, lived and died in Ascot.
- Josh Cuthbert, singer from Union J
- Sarah Harding, singer, Girls Aloud, born in Ascot
- John Lennon and Ringo Starr of The Beatles, lived at Tittenhurst Park, Ascot
- Camilla Luddington, actress, born and raised in Ascot
- Marti Pellow, singer of Wet Wet Wet lives in Ascot
- Adam Roberts, science fiction author, lives in North Ascot.
tiistai 29. toukokuuta 2012
Suur-Lontoo (engl. Greater London) on hallintoalue ja kreivikunta Englannissa. Se koostuu Lontoon Citystä (engl. City of London), joka on noin 2,6 neliökilometrin kokoinen alue sen keskustassa, sekä 32 kaupunkipiiristä (engl. London boroughs). Yleisessä kielenkäytössä Lontoosta puhuttaessa tarkoitetaan tätä kaupunkiseutua. Alueen koko pinta-ala on 1 579 neliökilometriä, ja sen väkiluku vuonna 2001 oli 7 322 400.
Alueen hallintoelimenä toimii Suur-Lontoon yleishallintoviranomainen (engl. Greater London Authority), jota johtaa pormestari yhdessä kaupunginvaltuuston (engl. London Assembly) kanssa. Sekä pormestari että valtuusto valitaan suorilla vaaleilla neljän vuoden vaalikaudeksi.
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